I’ve seen it all. From phishing attacks to ransomware, the threats to our digital assets are endless. But there’s a new challenge on the block that’s causing companies to rethink their security measures: the convergence of IT and OT. While these two areas have traditionally operated independently, technological advancements have brought them together. This presents a unique set of cybersecurity differences that organizations must understand if they want to protect their assets from cybercriminals. So, what exactly are these differences? Let’s break it down.
What is the difference between it and OT cybersecurity?
Here are a few key differences between IT and OT cybersecurity:
It is worth noting that while the differences between IT and OT cybersecurity are significant, both are critical components of comprehensive cyber defense. As cyber attacks become more complex and sophisticated, organizations must prioritize cybersecurity efforts across both IT and OT systems to safeguard their operations and assets.
???? Pro Tips:
1. Understand the basics: IT (information technology) deals with computers and software used to process and store information, while OT (operational technology) refers to the technology used to control and monitor physical processes, like industrial machinery and infrastructure.
2. Recognize the unique risks: OT systems can have unique risks compared to IT systems, such as the potential for physical harm or environmental damage if systems are compromised.
3. Conduct risk assessments: Conducting thorough risk assessments for both IT and OT systems is critical to understanding the potential threats and vulnerabilities of each system.
4. Implement layered security measures: Both IT and OT systems should have layered security measures, including firewalls, access controls, and encryption, to protect against potential cyber threats.
5. Involve all stakeholders: When implementing cybersecurity measures, it is important to involve all stakeholders, including IT and OT staff, management, and even external vendors or contractors who may have access to these systems.
Understanding IT Cybersecurity
IT cybersecurity pertains to the protection of computer systems and networks, including laptops, desktops, mobile devices, and servers that are commonly used in daily business operations. The main objective is to prevent unauthorized access, theft, damage, and modification of sensitive data and computer resources. IT security involves a set of technologies, processes, and practices that are designed to secure digital information from cyber threats, including viruses, malware, spyware, and hacking attempts.
This type of security is essential in preventing data breaches, which can lead to financial and reputational damage. IT cybersecurity involves the use of various security tools and protocols such as antivirus software, firewalls, intrusion detection systems, access controls, and data encryption. An IT security expert must have in-depth knowledge and understanding of different operating systems, software, and networks to identify and mitigate potential security risks.
Understanding OT Cybersecurity
OT cybersecurity, on the other hand, deals with the security of operational technology systems, which comprise a collection of hardware and software systems designed to manage and control physical processes such as manufacturing, transportation, and energy production. These systems are typically found in industrial settings, such as factories, power plants, and water treatment facilities, and they control critical infrastructure and control systems.
Unlike IT systems, OT systems cannot run on standard operating systems, typically, they lack security tools, and are generally programmed differently from traditional computers. OT security focuses on the identification, assessment, and management of risks that may arise from attacks on physical systems and infrastructure. The main aim is to ensure that these systems remain operational and secure, despite any potential threats.
Key Differences between IT and OT Cybersecurity
While both IT and OT cybersecurity have the same objective of protecting computer systems and networks, there are fundamental differences between the two types of security. The major differences include:
1. Operating System Differences in IT and OT Systems
Standard operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows and Linux, are used in IT systems, whereas OT systems run on specialized and proprietary operating systems.
2. Tools and Systems used in IT and OT Cybersecurity
IT cybersecurity tools include antivirus software, firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and access controls. Conversely, OT cybersecurity tools include PLCs, RTUs, and HMIs.
3. Threats facing IT and OT Cybersecurity
IT systems are prone to cyber threats such as viruses, malware, phishing, and cyber-attacks, while OT systems are vulnerable to physical threats such as malicious acts, terrorist attacks, and natural disasters.
Operating System Differences in IT and OT Systems
The operating systems used in IT and OT systems are significantly different from each other. IT systems are based on common operating systems and have access to a wider range of software and applications. The operating systems used in OT systems, on the other hand, are usually proprietary and use a specific set of protocols. Often, these systems are running legacy software that is no longer supported.
The proprietary nature of OT systems makes them more secure, but it also means that security updates to the systems are slower or non-existent. IT systems are designed with frequent updates and new patches to keep them secure from newly discovered vulnerabilities.
Tools and Systems used in IT and OT Cybersecurity
IT systems commonly use a variety of security tools, including antivirus software, firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and access control systems. Conversely, OT systems commonly use Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), Human-Machine Interfaces (HMIs) and Remote Terminal Units (RTUs).
PLCs are used to automate industrial processes and HMIs are used to monitor and control the equipment. RTUs communicate with the master control system to provide real-time data that is then used to manage industrial processes. These tools are significantly different from those used in IT systems and require specialist knowledge to configure and maintain them.
Threats facing IT and OT Cybersecurity
The types of threats faced by IT and OT systems are also different. IT systems are exposed to various types of cyber attacks, such as phishing, malware, and viruses. They also face risks associated with data breaches, information theft, and hacking. The frequency of attacks has increased dramatically over recent years, and businesses face significant financial and reputational damage if they do not protect against these attacks.
OT systems face threats from both cyber and physical attacks, which can significantly disrupt operations. Physical attacks can come in various forms, from natural disasters to terrorist attacks, theft, or vandalism. Cyber threats include attacks on industrial control systems, the introduction of malware from removable media, or through Phishing emails.
Importance of Cybersecurity in both IT and OT Systems
In conclusion, cybersecurity is essential in both IT and OT systems to protect data, digital assets and physical processes. IT cybersecurity safeguards the most common devices, such as laptop and desktop printers, computers, keyboards and mobile phones. On the other hand, OT cybersecurity ensures physical equipment, such as machinery and infrastructure, remain operational and secure.
It is crucial to recognize the different security requirements of IT and OT systems. While the tools used in IT and OT cybersecurity vary, the objective remains the same; to protect the systems from attack. With the rise in frequency and sophistication of attacks, companies must take the necessary steps to ensure they have a security strategy in place to protect against these threats. This should include regular security assessments, identifying key vulnerabilities in systems, and implementing appropriate cybersecurity measures.
